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Janaza arabic
for 'bier, corpse placed on bier, or final rites'. In Islam the congregational
funeral prayer has a specific significane.
There are no explicit directives regarding the final rites in the holy quran. But the treatises on the fiqh, based on the hadith describes it in detail. After the death of a Muslim, the corpse is laid on a bier, with its head facing the qiblah (the direction of the Ka'aba in Mokkah), and washed. But no niyat (pronouncement of the intention) is recited for this act. Every limb of the corpse is washed an odd number of times, either three or five. Then the corpse is wrapped in a kafan (shroud). The kafan may have one, two, or three pieces of cloth. The treatises on the fiqh prescribe three pieces for a man and five pieces for a woman. The kafan for a man may be of five pieces, too.
The kafan cloth is usually white in colour. If
someone dies in ihram (in the garments worn during the performance
of the hajj),
the head need not be covered. Martyrs are not washed before burial because
this removes the blood, the testimony to martyrdom. It is not allowed,
unless essential, to keep lights near the dead body. After all the rites
are performed and the corpse is ready for burial, it is placed on a bier
and taken to a mosque or open space for janaza. The bier with the corpse
of both male and female persons are carried by the male. The corpse of
a woman is kept covered so that people do not see her face. The bier is
placed in front of the congregation for the janaza prayer, which is performed
without ruqu or sijda. In the janaza it is customary to
pray for the salvation of the departed soul.
Participation in a funeral procession is considered mustahab
(an act of piety but not mandatory). An odd number of people take part
in the burial process. The corpse is laid in the grave, with the head
again facing the qiblah. Each of the persons present on the occasion throws
three handful of soil upon the grave. Kalema tayyeba is uttered
into the ears of the dead person. Its purpose is to enable the deceased
person to give appropriate answers when Munquir and Naquir will interrogate
him/her in the grave. Sometimes, Surah Fatiha, the first verse
of the Quran, and Mu'awbizatan, the last two, are recited. During
burial of a woman, the grave is covered with a sheet of cloth.
According to fiqh, it is forbidden to adorn the grave, or place a headstone. A piece of wood or stone may be placed only to indicate the position of the corpse's head. Despite this restriction, graves or mausoleums, gorgeously adorned, are quite common in Bangladesh.
Ziyarat (visiting a grave and offering prayers)
is allowed, although the custom was forbidden during the early years of
Islam. It is customary to visit the family of the deceased to condole
the death, before and after the burial rites. According to fiqh, it is
permissible to feed the poor after the funeral. During such feasts, chapters
from the Quran are recited for the salvation of the departed soul. [Syed
Ashraf Ali] |
