FY
mvwjwk ˆevWÆ
1930-‰i `kGKi cÉ^g w`GK AbvbyÓ¤vwbK MÉvgxY FYevRvi
ˆfGO covq ‰es ‰i dGj m†Ó¡ evsjvi MÉvgxY mgvGRi FY`vZv I FYMÉnxZvi gGaÅ
mÁ·GKÆi AebwZ ˆVKvGZ ‰KwU AvBwb cÉwZÓ¤vb| ˆeãj ‰wMÉKvjPvivj ˆWUim AÅvÙ
(1936-‰i ˆeãj AÅvÙ 7)-‰i AaxGb FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ Õ©vwcZ nq 1936 mvGj|
‰B AvBb cÉYxZ nIqvi cƒGeÆ, FY`vZvG`i A^Ævr, cÉavbZ Rwgi gvwjK, ˆRvZ`vi
I gnvRbG`i wei‚G«¬ K‡lK AmG¯¦vl ˆ`Lv w`wœQj| 1930-‰i A^Æ‹bwZK gnvg±`v
evsjvi MÉvgxY A^ÆbxwZGK eÅvcKfvGe ÞwZMÉÕ¦ KGi| K‡wlRvZ cGYÅi evRvigƒjÅ
Drcv`b eÅGqi AGbK wbGP ˆbGg hvq| nvGZ ˆKvb bM` UvKv bv ^vKvGZ K‡lKKzj
ZvG`i Rwg`viG`i LvRbv cÉ`vGb ‰es Pvlevm AeÅvnZ ivLvi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq
K‡wl DcKiY ò×Gq eÅ^Æ nq| cÉ^vMZfvGe, MÉvgxY FGYi mieivn AvmZ gnvRbG`i
KvQ ˆ^GK ‰es ZvG`i ˆ`Iqv AwaKvsk FYB wQj e®¬GKi wecixGZ| g±`vi KviGY
FY cwiGkva ‰KwU mvaviY mgmÅv nGq `uvovq| AwaKvsk ˆÞGò, FYMÉnxZvi e®¬Kx
f„wg FY`vZvi KvGQ Zvgvw` nGZ ^vKvq myG`i cwigvYI Pò×e†w«¬ nvGi evoGZ
^vGK| ‰BfvGe wecyj cwigvY Rwg AK‡lK gvwjKvbvq PGj hvq|
ò×qÞgZvi
nËvm, MÉvgxY FYe«¬Zv I f„wgnxbZvi Af„ZcƒeÆ e†w«¬ ivR‹bwZK cwiGeGki Ici
AekÅÁ¿vex cÉfve ˆdGj| ‰w`GK Avevi FYMÉnxZviv wQj cÉavbZ gymjgvb ‰es
FY`vZviv wn±`y| ˆewki fvM wn±`y Rwg`vi, ZvjyK`vi I ˆRvZ`viiv wQj gnvRb|
MÉvGgi FYfviMÉÕ¦Zv I f„wgnxbZv ‰BfvGe ˆkÉYxMZ I mvÁcÉ`vwqK msNGlÆi cÉavb
ˆnZz nGq IGV| ‰Bme NUbv fvjfvGe eySGZ ‰es mgmÅvi mgvavb LyuRGZ miKvi
ˆevWÆ Ae BGKvbwgK BbGKvqvwi KwgwU MVb KGi| f„wg mÁ·KÆxq mgmÅvi wePvi-weGkÏlY
KGi ˆevWÆ ò×geaÆgvb MÉvgxY FYMÉÕ¦Zv welGq ‰es AK‡lK-ˆkÉYxi KvGQ K‡lKG`i
Rwg PGj hvIqvi eÅvcviwU wbGq wKQy KvhÆò×Ggi RbÅ miKvGii KvGQ mycvwik
KGi| FY-msò×v¯¦ welGq KwgwU AviI ‰KwU Lmov wej (ˆeãj wiwjd Ae BbGWGUWGbm
wej) ˆjwRmGjwUf KvDw´ÖGji weGePbvi RbÅ ŠZwi KGi|
ˆevWÆ
Ae BGKvbwgK BbGKvqvwi KwgwUi mycvwiGki wfwîGZ 1935-‰i RyjvB gvGm eãxq
AvBb cwilG` LvRv bvwRgDóxb ‰KwU wej Dïvcb KGib| wejwU ˆeãj ‰wMÉKvjPvivj
ˆWUim AÅvÙ (1936-‰i ˆeãj AÅvÙ 7) wkGivbvGg 1936 mvGji ‰wcÉGj AvBb wnGmGe
cvk Kiv nq| ‰B AvBGbi AaxGb FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ Õ©vwcZ nq| AvBbwU FY`vZv
I FYMÉnxZv DfGqi «¼viv gGbvbxZ Õ©vbxq cÉfvekvjx I wkwÞZ ˆjvKG`i gaÅ
ˆ^GK m`mÅ wbGq ‘ˆevWÆ’ bvgK FYwelqK ˆek KqwU mvwjwk mfv Õ©vcGbi eÅeÕ©v
KGi ˆ`q| ˆevGWÆi `vwqZ½ wQj `yB cGÞiB K^v ÷Gb cÉavbZ gnvRbG`i KvGQ FYMÉÕ¦
K‡lKG`i Abv`vwq FY AvbycvwZK nvGi KgvGbv ‰es ‰fvGe ZvG`i Ici ˆ^GK Pvc
jvNe Kiv| FYMÉÕ¦ K‡lKKzjGK mvnvhÅ Kivi AbÅ c^àwj wQj ‰KRb FYMÉnxZvGK
ˆ`Dwjqv ˆNvlYv Kiv ‰es ‰fvGe ZvGK FY ˆ^GK AeÅvnwZ ˆ`Iqv, meÆvwaK wekwU
÷bvwbi gvaÅGg AvbycvwZK nvGi KgvGbv FY mnR wKwÕ¦GZ cwiGkva Kiv, ˆ`Iqvwb
Av`vjGZi wWwò× I mvwUÆwdGKU-‰i KvhÆKvwiZv e®¬ Kiv BZÅvw`|
1937-‰i
mvaviY wbeÆvPGbi cGi FY mvwjwk ˆevGWÆi KvR cƒGYÆv`ÅGg ÷i‚ nq| ‰B AvBb
ejer nIqvq FYMÉÕ¦ K‡lK I FY`vZv gnvRb DfGq DcK‡Z nGqwQj eGj gGb nq,
hw`I miKviweGivax RbGbZvG`i gGaÅ ˆevGWÆi KvhÆKvwiZv wbGq hG^Ó¡ mskq
wQj| ˆhme RvqMvq K‡lK msMVbàwj kwî×kvjx wQj, ˆmLvGb ˆ`bv`viiv FY gIKzGdi
RbÅ ˆevGWÆi KvQ ˆhGZ Lye KgB AvMÉnx wQj| K‡lKiv ˆmLvGbB FY mvwjwk ˆevGWÆi
eÅvcvGi Drmvnx wQj ˆhLvGb Zviv mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZKfvGe wQj `yeÆj|
‰Bme
FY mvwjwk wò×qvKjvc cÉ^vMZ MÉvgxY FYevRviGK ài‚ZifvGe `yeÆj KGi ˆ`q|
gnvRbiv ZvG`i MÉvgxY FY`vb eÅeÕ©v àwUGq ˆdjGZ ÷i‚ KiGj FY`vb mâzwPZ
nq| FY bv cvIqvGZ PvGli Aaxb f„wgi cwigvY Af„ZcƒeÆfvGe KGg hvq| AGbGKi
gGZ, FY mvwjwk ˆevWÆ Pvjy nIqv 1943-‰i `ywfÆGÞi ‰KwU KviY| gnvRwb FY
DGV hvIqvi KviGY m†Ó¡ MÉvgxY FY`vGbi msGKvPb Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY KwgGq
ˆ`q ‰es ‰i dGj Lv`Å mieivnI KGg hvq| ZeyI fvj-g±` wbGq ˆevWÆ 1944 chƯ¦
mwò×q wQj, ‰es ‰ici ‰i wejywµ¦ NGU| ˆevWÆwU cÉv^wgKfvGe cuvP eQGii RbÅ
Õ©vwcZ nGqwQj ‰es cGi ‰i KvhÆKvj AviI `y eQGii RbÅ evovGbv nq| FY mvwjwk
ˆevWÆ mwZÅKvifvGe evsjvi FYMÉÕ¦ K‡lK mgvGRi AeÕ©vi D®²wZ mvab KiGZ ˆcGiwQj
wK-bv Zv ZKÆmvGcÞ| wK¯§ ivR‹bwZKfvGe ‰KwU mvaviY aviYv Pvjy AvGQ ˆh,
‰wU evsjvi FYMÉÕ¦ K‡lK mgvRGK iÞv KGiwQj| [wmivRyj Bmjvg]