IqvBR, ˆRgm Dwbk kZGKi lvGUi `kGK XvKvi wmwfj mvRÆb I ˆjLK| ÷ay wPwKrmvkvGÕ¨B bq BwZnvGmI Zuvi AvMÉn wQj| eÐKgÅvGbi Kw´ŸÈweDkbm Uz w` wRIMÉvdx AÅv´£ wnwÕ¡Ë Ae ˆeãj-i RbÅ wZwb ˆek KGqKwU wkjvwjwci Qvc cvwVGqwQGjb| AvGjKRv´£vi Kvwbsnvg hLb ˆmvbviMuvI I weò×gcyi mdGi AvGmb ZLb IqvBR ÷ay Zuvi RbÅ ˆbŒKv I nvwZi eÅeÕ©vB KGib wb, Zuvi mdimãxI nGqwQGjb| IqvBGRi cvw´£ZÅ I mvnPhÆ KvwbsnvGgi mdiGK djcÉmƒ KGiwQj|

Dwbk kZGK XvKv knGi wZbRb IqvBR cwiwPZ wQGjb ‰KRb XvKv KGjGRi AaÅÞ, ‰KRb wmwfj mvRÆb ‰es ‰KRb bxjKi| cƒeÆeGã bxjKi IqvBGRi weÕ¦‡Z Rwg`vwi wQj| eywoMãv b`x ZxGii IqvBR NvU ZuviB bvgvbymvGi| eyjeyj jwjZKjv ‰KvGWgx bxjKi IqvBGRi ‰B febwU ˆ^GKB hvòv ÷i‚ KGi| ‰ evwoGZB cieZÆxKvGj wmwfj mvRÆb ˆRgm IqvBRI evm KiGZb| AGbGKB wmwfj mvRÆb IqvBRGK bxjKi IqvBR eGj fzj KGib| Wv. IqvBGRi cyGiv bvg wQj ˆRgm dIbm bUÆb IqvBR| Zuvi iwPZ Mɯ© I cÉeG®¬ wZwb ÷ay bvGgi cÉ^g I ˆklvsk eÅenvi KGiGQb|

IqvBR iwPZ MÉG¯©i bvg ˆbvUm Ab ˆiGmm, KvÕ¡m AÅv´£ ˆUÇWm Ae BÕ¡vYÆ ˆeãj| MÉG¯©i gvjgmjv Wv. IqvBR XvKvq ^vKGZB ˆRvMvo KGiwQGjb| cieZÆxKvGj j´£Gb Aemi Rxeb hvcb KvGj cvízwjwc iPbv KGi wZwb Zv gy`ËY KGib| 1883 mvGj j´£Gbi ˆm´Ÿ gvwUÆb ˆjGbi ‘nvi gÅvGRwÕ¡m wcÉ´Ÿvi nÅvwimb AÅv´£ m´Ö’ ˆ^GK ‰wU gyw`ËZ nq| bvgcGò gyw`ËZ nGqwQj ‘bU cvewjkW’| myZivs Mɯ©wU AZů¦ `yÕ·ÉvcÅ| mÁ·ÉwZ cƒeÆeGãi wewf®² RvwZ, eYÆ I ˆckvi weeiY bvGg ‰i evsjv Abyev` cÉKvwkZ nGqGQ| ‰Qvov ˆbvUm Ab ˆmvbviMuvI ‰es ˆbvUm Ab evGiv f„uBqvm bvGg Wv. IqvBGRi `ywU cÉe®¬ RvbÆvj Ae w` ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwU Ae ˆeãj-‰ 1874 mvGj Qvcv nq|

‘gynvGgWvb’, ‘wiwjwRqvm ˆmÙm Ae w` wn±`yR’, ‘wn±`y KvÕ¡m AÅv´£ AÅvewiwRbvj ˆiGmm’, ‘AvGgÆwbqvbm’ I ‘cZzÆwMR Bb BÕ¡vYÆ ˆeãj’ ‰ cuvP fvGM Mɯ©wU wefî×| wZwb ‘ˆim’ kõwU agÆxq mÁ·É`vqGK wPwn×Z Kivi RbÅ eÅenvi KGiGQb| ‘KvÕ¡’ kõ «¼viv wZwb wn±`y mÁ·É`vGqi ‘eYÆ’ cÉ^vGK eywSGqGQb| IqvBR gymjgvb mÁ·É`vGqI Avkivd-AvZivd ˆf`vGfG`i K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb| wZwb wn±`yG`i agÆxq mÁ·É`vq Ške I ŠeúeG`i wbGq AvGjvPbv KGiGQb| evOvwj RvwZ MVGb wZwb Avw`evmxG`i ài‚Z½ ZzGj aGiGQb| mvaviY gvbyGli agÆwek¼vGmi Ici AbvhÆ cÉfvGei Qvc ˆh KZ Mfxi ZvI Zuvi `†wÓ¡ ‰ovqwb| evsjvi wn±`y aGgÆi Ici Õ©vbxq MÉvgG`eZv, gvwU I RGji ˆ`eZv, ebG`eZv BZÅvw`i cÉfve Zuvi ˆjLvq dzGU DGVGQ| IqvBR DGÍÏL KGiGQb ˆh, evsjvq ŠeúeG`i ‰MvGivwU kvLv wQj| ‰me kvLvi AGbKàwjB ‰Lb jyµ¦| myZivs ‰ mÁ·GKÆ IqvBGRi RwiGci ài‚Z½ Acwimxg| wZwb wbÁ²eGMÆi gGaÅ wòbv^ cƒRv I wòbv^ ˆgjvi RbwcÉqZvi K^v eGjGQb| wbÁ²eGMÆi RbmvaviGYi Ici eËvþYG`i cÉfve KGg Avmvi welqwUI Zuvi ˆMvPGi ‰GmGQ| AvGgÆbxq I cZzÆwMRMY wKfvGe evsjvq ‰Gjv ‰es evsjvq Zviv wKfvGe emevm KGiGQ ZvI Zuvi MÉG¯© msGÞGc AvGjvwPZ nGqGQ|

IqvBGRi eBwU gyw`ËZ nGqGQ ‰Kk eQGiiI AvGM| H mgq ˆh b†Zvwî½K PPÆv ÷i‚ nGqwQj, ‰Lb Zv AGbK `ƒi ‰wMGqGQ, AGbK cÉZÅq I msæv e`Gj ˆMGQ| dGj, eZÆgvGb ‰KRb mgvRweævbx, b†Zvwî½K ev HwZnvwmK IqvBGRi iPbvq AGbK mxgve«¬Zv LuyGR cvGeb| Zv mGî½I, ‰ Mɯ©wUi gƒjÅ LvGUv KGi ˆ`Lvi Dcvq ˆbB| IqvBGRi iPbv mgmvgwqK ˆZv eGUB, cieZÆxKvGjI AGbK b†Zvwî½K, mgvRweævbx ev HwZnvwmKGK cÉfvweZ KGiGQ| IqvBRGK evsjvG`Gki b†Zî½PPÆvi cw^K‡Z ejv ˆhGZ cvGi| cƒeÆeGãi gvbyGli ˆckvi ˆh eYÆbv wZwb w`GqGQb Zv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| Zuvi weeiGY evsjvi mvgvwRK BwZnvm ˆjLvi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ i…cGiLv cvIqv hvq|  [gybZvmxi gvgyb]